Exercitium Grammaticum Tertium

Seneca, letter 9: There follows the end of the letter.  Please read and answer the questions which follow typed to be handed in: 

Quomodo solitudinis odium est et adpetitio societatis, quomodo hominem homini natura conciliat, sic inest huic quoque rei stimulus qui nos amicitiarum adpetentes faciat.

Based on the sentence above (you should use a form of the appropriate vocabulary already in the sentence—you can change a  participle to a verb etc…), write in Latin: 

        • [one] Nature brings it about (efficere ut) that a person wins over /is in harmony with another.
        • [two] By nature we seek friendship and hate solitude.

Nihilominus cum sit amicorum amantissimus, cum illos sibi comparet, saepe praeferat, omne intra se bonum terminabit et dicet quod Stilbon ille dixit, Stilbon quem Epicuri epistula insequitur.         

      • [three] Explain the syntax of the sentence above. Divide the sentence up into clauses (independent and dependent), writing them out with an explanation of each clause.

Hic enim capta patria, amissis liberis, amissa uxore, cum ex incendio publico solus et tamen beatus exiret, interroganti Demetrio, cui cognomen ab exitio urbium Poliorcetes fuit, num quid perdidisset, ‘omnia’ inquit ‘bona mea mecum sunt’.      

        • [four] Change inquit to dixit and rewrite omnia bona mea mecum sunt

Ecce vir fortis ac strenuus! ipsam hostis sui victoriam vicit. ‘Nihil’ inquit ‘perdidi’: dubitare illum coegit an vicisset.           ‘Omnia mea mecum sunt’: iustitia, virtus, prudentia, hoc    ipsum, nihil bonum putare quod eripi possit.

Miramur animalia quaedam quae per medios ignes sine noxa corporum transeunt:

        • [five] Add ‘num’ after miramur and remove ‘quae’; make the alterations  necessary to change animalia quaedam from an accusative direct object to the subject of an indirect question. 
        • [six] Same as #2 but also change miramur to mirati sumus

quanto hic mirabilior vir qui per ferrum et ruinas et ignes inlaesus et indemnis evasit!

Vides quanto facilius sit totam gentem quam unum virum vincere?

        • [seven] Remove quanto and change the clause after videsto an indirect statement.

Haec vox illi communis est cum Stoico: aeque et hic intacta bona per concrematas urbes fert; se enim ipse contentus est; hoc felicitatem suam fine designat. Ne existimes nos solos generosa verba iactare, et ipse Stilbonis obiurgator Epicurus similem illi vocem emisit, quam tu boni consule, etiam si hunc diem        iam expunxi.

‘Si cui’ inquit ‘sua non videntur amplissima, licet totius mundi dominus sit, tamen miser est.’

        • [eight]Translate into English and then paraphrase (i.e. explain in different words) in Latin (not, btw, using the paraphrase that Seneca gives below!)

Vel si hoc modo tibi melius enuntiari videtur (id enim agendum est ut non verbis serviamus sed sensibus), ‘miser est qui se non beatissimum iudicat, licet imperet mundo’. Ut scias autem hos sensus esse communes, natura scilicet dictante, apudpoetam comicum invenies:      

non est beatus, esse se qui non putat.    

Quid enim refert qualis status tuus sit, si tibi videtur malus? ‘Quid ergo?’ inquis ‘si beatum se dixerit ille turpiter dives et    ille multorum dominus sed plurium servus, beatus sua sententia fiet?’ Non quid dicat sed quid sentiat refert, nec quid uno die sentiat, sed quid adsidue. Non est autem quod verearis ne ad indignum res tanta perveniat: nisi sapienti sua non placent; omnis stultitia laborat fastidio sui. Vale.

Epistle 1.10

Aristius Fuscus, quis erat?  

Amicus Horati qui, ut scripsit Porphyrio, fabulas palliatas scripsit.  Porphyrio (ad serm. 1.9): ‘praestantissimus grammaticus illo tempore’.  Et carmen et sermo leviter scripti sunt.  Patet Horatius saepe iocari cum Fusco.  

Plotius et Varius, Maecenas Vergiliusque,
Valgius, et probet haec Octavius, optimus atque
Fuscus, et haec utinam Viscorum laudet uterque!

purple: The best dyes came from Sidon and Tyre (Phoenicia), but H. gives a catalogue of the knock offs (with thanks to Roland Mayer’s commentary):

  • African: C. 2.16.35
  • Laconian: C. 2.18.8
  • Coan: C. 4.13.3
  • Aquinate Epist. 1.10 (i.e. here)
  • Tarentine: Epist. 2.1.207
  • Gaetulian: Epist. 2.2.81

Both Aristotle (historia animalium (Aristot. Hist. an. 546b-547b) and Pliny (Plin. HN 9,124-138) write about the small snails that create the best purple dye.  For more see Brill 

Cetera laetus/laeta

In the cover image for this course, we can see François Bucher’s The Secret Message.  The 18th century Rococo artist Bucher has created a pastoral image that recalls (perhaps) Horace’s epistle very differently conceived (the reason why it is the cover image for this course).  

Boucher’s paintings are inspired by classical subjects.  It is not inconceivable  that Horace’s letter played some inspiration here (of course, crumbling shrines in idyllic settings run rampant through 18th century French art, so…)

Horace composes his letter to his close friend Aristius Fuscus, while sitting behind a crumbling shrine of the goddess Vacuna : post fanum putre Vacunae. Vacuna is an appropriately local deity (Livy mentions her shrine in a list of those struck by lightning: aedem…Vacunae in Sabinis.  Ovid mentions her in the Fasti in the passage devoted to Vesta.  (Her name has been connected to *vac: empty, but perhaps we should see her, as Ovid might be suggesting, as a Sabine hearth goddess.)  The image we have before us is quite different indeed.  

Your assignment for Friday is to write about this image (minimum 150 words).  Some ideas:

  • describe the image, or a part of the image
  • imagine what is happening
  • what is in the letter?
  • what is the woman feeling?
  • why is the woman here?  is she hiding?  
  • where is this scene?
  • what is on the relief? why? 

AS ALWAYS, use Smith and Hall, Lewis and Short, the Morgan-Owens Lexicon, a grammar and your best proofreading eyes!  

Don’t use res when what you really mean in the indefinite neuter plural.

No excuse for: 

  • adjectives that don’t agree with their nouns (-2)
  • verbs that don’t agree with their subjects (-2)
  • adverbs tacked randomly at end of sentences (-1)
  • word order that shows you just word for word translated (-1)
  • words that are not Latin (-3)

Suggestion: be simple!  Figure out what you can say in Latin!

 

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